How to File an LTL Freight Damage Claim in 2026 (and Actually Get Paid)

To file an LTL freight damage claim, note the damage on the delivery receipt, photograph everything before moving the freight, and submit a written claim to the carrier with the invoice value, BOL, and inspection evidence — within nine months of delivery under standard terms. Carriers must acknowledge claims within 30 days and resolve them within 120 days under federal claim regulations. Here is the process that maximizes recovery.

Step 1: Document at the dock

The delivery receipt is the single most important document. Before the driver leaves, count pieces, inspect for crushing, punctures, or re-taping, and write specific exceptions (“2 cartons crushed, product exposed”) — not just “subject to inspection.” Photograph the freight on the truck if possible, then on your dock. A clean signature makes later claims dramatically harder. Good packaging prevents most damage in the first place — see how to palletize LTL freight.

Step 2: Know the concealed damage clock

Damage discovered after delivery is “concealed damage.” Under NMFC-standard rules you should report it to the carrier within five business days of delivery and hold the freight, packaging, and pallet for inspection. Wait longer and the carrier will argue the damage happened after delivery — the most common reason concealed claims get denied or settled at a fraction.

Step 3: File the written claim

Submit the carrier’s claim form (or a written demand) with: the original invoice showing product cost, the bill of lading, the delivery receipt with exceptions, photos, repair estimates if applicable, and a specific dollar amount. Claims must normally be filed within nine months of delivery date. Under the Carmack Amendment, interstate carriers are liable for the actual loss — but LTL tariffs cap liability per pound by freight class, which is why carrier liability differs from cargo insurance. Check your freight class and NMFC code to know the cap that applies.

Step 4: Track the deadlines

The carrier owes you an acknowledgment within 30 days and a resolution — pay, decline, or compromise offer — within 120 days. If it declines or lowballs, you can escalate: mitigation evidence, salvage documentation, and a demonstrated timeline usually move settlements. Suits under Carmack must generally be brought within two years of a declination.

Step 5: Mitigate and salvage

You have a duty to mitigate — sell salvageable product, repair what can be repaired, and claim the difference. Keep the damaged goods until the carrier waives inspection in writing; discarding freight early is a classic claim-killer.

Frequently asked questions

How long do I have to file an LTL damage claim?

Nine months from delivery under standard bill of lading terms. Concealed damage should be reported within five business days of delivery.

How much will the carrier pay on a damage claim?

Up to actual loss, but limited by the tariff’s per-pound liability cap for your freight class. High-value freight should be insured separately.

Can I deduct a damage claim from the carrier’s freight bill?

No — offsetting claims against freight charges violates most carrier tariffs and can trigger collections. File the claim separately and pay undisputed charges.

Tired of damage claims? Go Freight’s LTL service loads Miami freight on our own docks with photo-documented handling. Get a quote or call (786) 445-0150.