Dry Ice Shipping Rules: Packaging, Labeling and Limits

Dry ice keeps perishable food, biologics, and vaccines frozen without liquid melt. But solid carbon dioxide is regulated as a hazardous material in transport, and improper packaging can cause pressure buildup, or leave carriers refusing the shipment. Here is what shippers should understand. Always verify current requirements in the applicable regulations and with your carrier.

Why dry ice is regulated

As dry ice sublimates, it turns into carbon dioxide gas. In a sealed container that gas can build pressure and rupture the package. In enclosed spaces, such as cargo holds or vehicle cabs, CO2 can displace oxygen. For those reasons it is identified by UN1845 and treated as a Class 9 miscellaneous hazard in transport.

Packaging fundamentals

• Allow venting. The outer package must permit gas to escape. Do not seal dry ice in airtight containers.
• Use insulation. Insulated shippers slow sublimation and reduce the dry ice you need.
• Keep product separated. Prevent direct contact that could damage goods or compromise packaging, and secure contents so they do not shift as ice shrinks.
• Choose the right quantity. Transit time, ambient temperature, and insulation determine how much is required; ask for guidance for time-critical lanes.

Marking and labeling

Packages generally need to show the proper shipping name for dry ice or carbon dioxide, solid, the UN number, and the net weight of dry ice in kilograms. A Class 9 hazard label is typically required for air shipments. Requirements differ by mode and by carrier, so use the specific instructions that apply to your service.

Air vs ground

Air carriers apply international dangerous goods rules, with per-package quantity limits and declaration requirements. Ground shipments follow U.S. rules, which can be less burdensome for small quantities but still call for correct marking. Airlines at MIA often require advance notice, so confirm early. For air specifics, see our article on IATA dangerous goods for air freight.

Training and certification

Anyone who prepares or offers dry ice for transport may need hazmat training. Our dry ice and certification page explains how we support compliant shipments.

Where dry ice shows up

Common uses include seafood and food shipments, clinical samples, and pharmaceuticals. If you move temperature-sensitive medical goods, see pharma logistics and our refrigerated trucking options. For a quote, use our form.

Frequently asked questions

Can dry ice be sealed in an airtight container?

No. The package must allow carbon dioxide gas to vent to avoid pressure buildup.

Is dry ice considered hazardous material?

Yes. In transport it is identified as UN1845 and generally treated as a Class 9 hazard, though specific requirements depend on the mode and quantity.

How do I know how much dry ice to use?

It depends on transit time, insulation, and temperature exposure. A logistics partner can help estimate and build in a margin for delays.